Mazzotti reactions, also known as Jarisch-Herxheimer reactions, are a set of symptoms that occur as a result of the body's immune response to the release of bacterial toxins during the treatment of certain infections. These reactions were first described in the late 1800s by two physicians, Paul Jarisch and Karl Herxheimer.
Mazzotti reactions are commonly associated with the treatment of parasitic infections such as onchocerciasis (river blindness) and loiasis (African eye worm). These infections are caused by worms that reside in the subcutaneous tissues of the body. Treatment with certain medications, such as ivermectin, can cause these worms to die off rapidly and release toxins into the bloodstream. This can trigger an immune response in the body, leading to symptoms such as fever, chills, headache, muscle aches, joint pain, skin rash, and an increase in eosinophil count.
Mazzotti reactions are generally self-limiting and resolve within a few days without any specific treatment. However, in severe cases, supportive care, such as pain relief and hydration, may be necessary. Patients with a history of severe reactions to similar treatments may require hospitalization and close monitoring.
It is important to note that Mazzotti reactions are not a contraindication for treatment, as they are a sign that the treatment is working. However, patients should be monitored closely during treatment, especially if they have a history of allergic reactions or are taking other medications that may interact with the treatment medication.
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